Abstract
In the context of the prevailing abundance of diversity (biological, ethnic), the profound social inequalities, and the trends and attitudes of hegemonic forces in Latin America, a coherent process of environmental governance is proving difficult and environmental injustice is aggravated. Regardless of where one turns in the region, there is an increase in the number and intensity of conflicts between groups committed to promoting economic development (i.e., growth), and those claiming to speak for the planet and/or the welfare of the large majority of the population or particular minorities, who feel excluded from these processes and are bearing the brunt of the negative impacts of state led ‘developmental’ activities. This paper addresses the underlying causes of these conflicts, by giving voice to the actors engaged in developing their own alternatives to the development proposals of the hegemonic forces driving the transformations in their societies. These alternatives emerge from groups whose organizations are shaped by different cosmologies, products of their multiple ethnic origins, and the profound philosophic and epistemological debates of the past half-century that emerged from numerous social movements proposing different strategies for achieving progress, improving well-being, and conserving ecosystems.
Keywords: Alternatives; autonomy; buen vivir; commons; cosmologies; diversity; indigenous knowledge; intercultural dialogue; post-capitalism; self-sufficiency; surplus; sustainability
JEL codes: O15, O35, 044, Q20, Q30, P48, Q56, Q57
